However, when the application of the drug was terminated, K562 cells started to

The mice were injected intraperi toneally with ATF, TPL or the combination MAPK シグナル伝達 every two day for a total of 21 day. Control mice received i. p. injection of PBS. Antitumor activity of treatments was evaluated by tumour growth inhibition. Tumours were measured individually with a calliper every other day, and the formula, tumour volume length × width2 × 0. 52 was used to mimic the tumour volume. At the end of study, the tumours were collected and weighed. In a parallel animal assay, the tumour establishment and drug treat ment are the same as described earlier. On the 21th day, mice were euthanized. Tumours were collected, fixed with 4% formaldehyde, embedded in paraffin and sectioned for haematoxylin and eosin staining or immunostaining according to standard histological pro cedures.<br><br> Blood vessel within tumours was immuno stained with anti mouse CD31 monoclonal antibody and determined by the average number of vessels in 3 regions of highest density at 200 Linifanib ic50 × magnifications in each section. Calculation of tumour doubling time and combination index The tumour doubling time and combination index were calculated using GraphPad Prism v 5. 0. TDT values were generated from exponential growth curves, which had been fitted to % change in tumour volume data, Our CI calculations were adapted to apply to TDT values. First, the TDT value for untreated mice was subtracted from the TDT value for each treatment group to obtain blanked TDT values, Then, the CI was cal culated as the ratio of TDTB values of combination treat ment to individual treatments: CI , Statistical analysis Statistical analysis was carried out using the SPSS soft ware, Data were expressed as the mean standard deviations and analyzed by one way ANOVA and the least significant difference tests.<br><br> P 0. 05 was considered statistically significant. Curcumin, chemically known as diferuloyl methane, is a hydrophobic polyphenol derived from the rhizome of the plant Curcuma longa of the Zingiberaceae family. Curcumin is known to suppress multiple signal MS-275 Entinostat ing pathways and inhibit cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis, Its wide medical use includes anti septic, analgesic, anti inflammatory, anti oxidant, anti malarial and wound healing, In recent years, a particular interest was shown on the anti oxidative and anti inflammatory properties of curcumin which might provide a therapeutic window for cancer treatment, Curcumin is a yellow colored tautomeric compound that is quite soluble in organic solvents such as dimethoxy sulfoxide, ethanol, methanol, chloroform or acet one.